I was reading an article from a recent issue of Riverdeep's Classroom Flyer, which I receive once a day in my inbox. The article was very timely, especially after meeting with our county Title 1 Teachers and Director. We were informed that our 3rd grade math pretest scores were not as high as we would hope, and that further program development would be directed at K-2 Math. We had a good discussion about the need for students to develop critical, and multi-step thinking skills in math. The following quote is from a guide designed to help K-2 teachers set up math centers and activities in their classrooms that would promote just this kind of thinking. It is published by The Center For Innovation in Education (1990). Probably better known for their "Math Their Way" series.
Below is a table taken from a chart in the The Piaget Primer (the ages have been rounded off to the nearest year), (p. 92) which shows the average age when children conserve for each type of measurement. The age ranges are based on Piaget’s earlier studies.
Average Ages of Conservation*
Number......................................... 6 - 8 years
Linear ............................................ 6 - 8 years
Solid amounts .............................. 7 - 9 years
Liquid amounts ........................... 6 - 9 years
Area ............................................... 8 -10 years
Weight ........................................... 9 -11 years
Solid volume ................................ 8 -10 years
Displaced volume ........................ 11 -14 years
Ed Labinowicz states in The Piaget Primer, (p. 92) that there are some surprising differences between the ages reported for Swiss and American children. The developmental sequences remain the same. However, there are many reports that American children achieve the “landmarks of development” at a later age, particularly at advanced levels. Labinowicz feels this discrepancy is reflected in the surprising low percentage of formal operational thinkers in the American adult population. Perhaps the reason there’s a low level of “formal thinkers” is that the American schools have typically focused on workbook mathematics requiring children to fill in right answers. The focus is on mastering computation rather than understanding mathematical processes and patterns.
Ouch! Sometimes the truth hurts. The article (chapter) goes on to provide some great ideas for creating daily math opportunities for young kids, by the way!
Photo: Christel Hendrix